{"id":7885,"date":"2021-03-08T09:01:00","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T08:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/?p=7885"},"modified":"2021-03-06T12:04:23","modified_gmt":"2021-03-06T11:04:23","slug":"historicka-lavinova-katastrofa-8-iii-1956-v-nizkych-tatrach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/?p=7885","title":{"rendered":"Historick\u00e1 lav\u00ednov\u00e1 katastrofa 8. III. 1956 v N\u00edzkych Tatr\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dnes uplynulo 65 rokov od tragickej lav\u00ednovej udalosti v Kulichovej doline v N\u00edzkych Tatr\u00e1ch. Prin\u00e1\u0161ame V\u00e1m stru\u010dn\u00fd priebeh tejto katastrofy pod\u013ea protokolu \u00dastrednej komisie v\u00fdskumu Horskej slu\u017eby z roku 1965.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0148a 8. Marca 1956 asi o\u00a09:45 sa zosunula lav\u00edna z\u00a0juhov\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho svahu \u017diarskej hole (1841 m n.m.) do Kulichovej doliny. Obrovsk\u00e1 masa snehu bola po nieko\u013eko sto metroch zosuvu vtla\u010den\u00e1 do \u00fazkeho zalesnen\u00e9ho \u017e\u013eabu, ktor\u00fdm sa ve\u013ekou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou \u2013 bez oh\u013eadu na ter\u00e9nne prek\u00e1\u017eky, pomerne mal\u00fd sklon svahu, vysok\u00fd lesn\u00fd porast a\u00a0z\u00e1kruty doliny \u2013 r\u00fatila e\u0161te nieko\u013eko kilometrov a\u017e za \u00fastie doliny Dve vody, smerom k\u00a0Vajskovskej doline. Lav\u00edna zni\u010dila vo svojej dr\u00e1he 25 hekt\u00e1rov ( asi 5000 m3<\/sup>) listnat\u00e9ho a\u00a0ihli\u010dnat\u00e9ho lesa veku 100 a\u017e 150 rokov, hlavne na vonkaj\u0161\u00edch obl\u00fakoch svojej dr\u00e1hy, kde vznikali hol\u00e9 p\u00e1sy \u0161\u00edrky a\u017e 100m. V\u00a0spodnej \u010dasti dr\u00e1hy, asi 600m pred zastaven\u00edm, rozbila a\u00a0zvalila lav\u00edna lesn\u00fa chatu, v\u00a0ktorej bolo v\u00a0tom \u010dase 19 \u013eud\u00ed (17 lesn\u00fdch robotn\u00edkov a\u00a02 kuch\u00e1rky z\u00a0Pohorelej a\u00a0Telg\u00e1rtu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeden z robotn\u00edkov bol vymr\u0161ten\u00fd tlakovou vlnou z rozbitej lesnej chaty e\u0161te sk\u00f4r, ako trosky a ostatn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed zavalil sneh. N\u00e1razom do stromu utrpel v\u00e1\u017ene zranenia, snehom v\u0161ak zasypan\u00fd nebol. Po n\u00e1vrate k vedomiu a po obalen\u00ed bos\u00fdch n\u00f4h roztrhanou ko\u0161e\u013eou sa mu podarilo d\u00f4js\u0165 v hlbokom snehu do robotn\u00edckej chaty v \u00fasti doliny Dve vody a doliny Vajskovskej, ktor\u00e1 bola asi jeden kilometer pod miestom zastavenia lav\u00edny. Tam toto ne\u0161\u0165astie ozn\u00e1mil. Jeden z robotn\u00edkov na konskom z\u00e1prahu odi\u0161iel so spr\u00e1vou na MNV do Dolnej Lehoty vzdialenej asi 12 km a ostatn\u00ed pr\u00edtomn\u00ed robotn\u00edci odi\u0161li na lav\u00ednisko, aby p\u00e1trali po zasypan\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
z\u00e1chran\u00e1rskych pr\u00e1c sa z\u00fa\u010dastnilo spolu a\u017e 800 \u013eud\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

R\u00fdchlos\u0165 a\u00a0organiz\u00e1cia z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch pr\u00e1c bola vynikaj\u00faca. U\u017e o\u00a014 hodine pracovalo na lav\u00ednisku pribli\u017ene 500 \u013eud\u00ed, hlavne miestnych obyvate\u013eov, pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov bezpe\u010dnosti, arm\u00e1dy a\u00a0Horskej slu\u017eby. Pomocou po\u013eovn\u00edckeho psa sa podarilo so snehu vyslobodi\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edch dvoch \u017eiv\u00fdch robotn\u00edkov zo snehu. Do zotmenia sa na\u0161lo e\u0161te \u0161es\u0165 zasypan\u00fdch, av\u0161ak u\u017e m\u0155tvych, v\u00a0h\u013abke 1,5 \u2013 2,2m pod snehom vo vzdialenosti\u00a0 250 \u2013 300m od miesta, kde st\u00e1la chata. V\u00a0noci sa pomocou mohutn\u00fdch snehov\u00fdch pluhov upravila pr\u00edjazdov\u00e1 cesta\u00a0pre \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 automobily a\u00a0vybudovala sa po\u013en\u00e1 telef\u00f3nna linka medzi lav\u00ednou a\u00a0MNV v\u00a0Dolnej Lehote, kde sa nach\u00e1dzal velite\u013esk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1b z\u00e1chran\u00e1rskych pr\u00e1c. Nesk\u00f4r bola telef\u00f3nna linka roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 e\u0161te o\u00a0kr\u00e1tkovlnn\u00e9 spojenie. Pracovn\u00edci Horskej slu\u017eby sa dostavili ako jedni z prv\u00fdch na miesto ne\u0161\u0165astia a\u00a0mali zast\u00fapenie vo velite\u013eskom \u0161t\u00e1be ako odborn\u00ed poradcovia pre z\u00e1chran\u00e1rske pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0pre zabezpe\u010dovanie pracoviska pred \u010fal\u0161\u00edm mo\u017en\u00fdm zosunom lav\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Lav\u00ednov\u00fd n\u00e1nos bol vysok\u00fd a\u017e 25m<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 a transportn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00fdch sa z\u00fa\u010dastnilo spolu a\u017e 800 \u013eud\u00ed, trvali nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov. Boli ve\u013emi nam\u00e1hav\u00e9, nako\u013eko n\u00e1sledkom nezvy\u010dajne dlhej a zu\u017euj\u00facej sa dr\u00e1hy sa sneh zhutnil v n\u00e1nose do ve\u013ekej tvrdosti. V\u00fd\u0161ka lav\u00ednov\u00e9ho n\u00e1nosu, v miestach kde sa p\u00e1tralo po zasypan\u00fdch, sa pohybovala od 2 do 7 m. Sneh bol premie\u0161an\u00fd mno\u017estvom mohutn\u00fdch stromov, kon\u00e1rov, kame\u0148ov a hliny. Z t\u00fdchto d\u00f4vodov, a vzh\u013eadom na ve\u013ek\u00fd po\u010det \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed boli hne\u010f po za\u010diatku z\u00e1chrannej akcie k dispoz\u00edci\u00ed, bol n\u00e1nos prekop\u00e1van\u00fd syst\u00e9mom pozd\u013a\u017enych a prie\u010dnych chodieb. Obvykl\u00e9 sondovanie sa pou\u017e\u00edvalo iba ako pomoc pri preh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed neprekopan\u00fdch miest (\u0161tvorcov\u00e9 plochy 2x2m) zhora a zo str\u00e1n. Postupne sa t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom na\u0161lo \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 10 m\u0155tvych, vo vzdialenosti 0 \u2013 300 metrov od p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho miesta chaty. Tri obete boli n\u00e1jden\u00e9 na nepo\u0161kodenej podlahe chaty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
V prv\u00fd de\u0148 sa v n\u00e1nose na\u0161lo 6 zasypan\u00fdch, av\u0161ak m\u0155tvych<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00ed\u010dina ne\u0161\u0165astia: Lav\u00ednov\u00e9 katastrofy podobn\u00e9ho rozsahu nie s\u00fa v na\u0161ich hor\u00e1ch be\u017en\u00e9. Historicky sa naposledy stalo tak ve\u013ek\u00e9 ne\u0161\u0165astie pod Kr\u00ed\u017enou vo Ve\u013ekej Fatre v roku 1924. Aj napriek tomu sa ned\u00e1 na tento n\u00edzky v\u00fdsledok po\u010dtu pravdepodobnosti spolieha\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bola to v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e1 konfigur\u00e1cia snehov\u00fdch podmienok a\u00a0po\u010dasia, ktor\u00e1 t\u00fato lav\u00ednu sp\u00f4sobila. O\u00a0mimoriadnosti sved\u010d\u00ed aj fakt, \u017ee boli zni\u010den\u00e9 ve\u013ek\u00e9 lesn\u00e9 plochy lesa veku 100 a\u017e 150 rokov, tak\u017ee v\u00a0priebehu dlh\u00e9ho obdobia rastu lesa \u017eiadna lav\u00ednov\u00e1 aktivita nenastala. Lav\u00edny na tr\u00e1vnatom a\u00a0pomerne strmom svahu \u017diarskej hole v\u00fdnimkou neboli, vyskytovali sa takmer ka\u017edoro\u010dne. Nen\u00e1jdeme v\u0161ak tak\u00e9ho pam\u00e4tn\u00edka, ktor\u00fd by si pam\u00e4tal lav\u00ednu s\u00a0tak\u00fdmto objemom, energiou a\u00a0r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou. Z\u00a0h\u013eadiska historick\u00fdch lav\u00ednov\u00fdch pomerov a\u00a0sk\u00fasenost\u00ed by ur\u010dite musel ka\u017ed\u00fd odborn\u00edk pred katastrofou objekt\u00edvne prizna\u0165, \u017ee chata st\u00e1la na mieste pred za\u010diatkom z\u00f3ny lav\u00ednov\u00e9ho nebezpe\u010denstva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K lav\u00edne do\u0161lo n\u00e1sledkom pre\u0165a\u017eenia juhov\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1vetern\u00e9ho svahu jednak nasne\u017een\u00e9ho, a aj z n\u00e1vetern\u00e9ho svahu previateho snehu. Osem dn\u00ed pred ne\u0161\u0165ast\u00edm nepretr\u017eite sne\u017eilo a f\u00fakal siln\u00fd, n\u00e1razov\u00fd, severoz\u00e1padn\u00fd vietor \u010dasto o sile v\u00edchrice. Sila vetra a sne\u017eenia vyvrcholili v de\u0148 katastrofy, kde svah so sklonom 32\u00b0nemohol udr\u017ea\u0165 u\u017e asi 2 m vysok\u00fa vrstvu nov\u00e9ho snehu na tvrdom podklade. Asi aj v\u00edchrica mala podiel na prekonan\u00ed kritick\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia snehovej pokr\u00fdvky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
mapa lav\u00ednovej katastrofy v N\u00edzkych Tatr\u00e1ch<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Lav\u00edna sa odtrhla v nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke 1700- 1750 m v obl\u00faku s nepravideln\u00fdm okrajom, \u0161\u00edrky asi 800m. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu hmotu nadobudla lav\u00edna na holom juhov\u00fdchodnom svahu \u017diarskej holi, ktor\u00fd je asi 600m dlh\u00fd, s po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdm sklonom 32\u00b0 klesaj\u00facim postupne na 23\u00b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

PARAMETRE LAV\u00cdNY<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

  • D\u013a\u017eka: 3 500 m<\/li>
  • Prev\u00fd\u0161enie: 900 m<\/li>
  • Plocha: 490 000 m2<\/li>
  • Objem: 1 590 000 m2<\/li>
  • V\u00e1ha: 380 000 ton<\/li>
  • Odhadovan\u00e1 maxim\u00e1lna r\u00fdchlos\u0165: 250 km\/hod<\/li>
  • Celkov\u00e1 doba trvania: asi 90 sek\u00fand<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Lesn\u00e1 chata s rozmermi 14x 6 m, pevnej zrubovej kon\u0161trukcie, vo vn\u00fatri s dvoma ob\u00fdvac\u00edmi miestnos\u0165ami, kuchy\u0148ou a predsie\u0148ou st\u00e1la pozd\u013a\u017e s \u00fadol\u00edm. \u010ciasto\u010dne bola chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 za skalou. K demol\u00e1ci\u00ed chaty do\u0161lo zrejme tlakovou vlnou pred \u010delom lav\u00edny, len kr\u00e1tky okam\u017eik pred zavalen\u00edm snehom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"
    pam\u00e4tn\u00e1 tabu\u013ea obetiam lav\u00ednov\u00e9ho ne\u0161\u0165astia na Pomn\u00edku lav\u00ednou zasypan\u00fdm v Kulichovej doline<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    Nebola to v\u0161ak jedin\u00e1 lav\u00edna, ktor\u00e1 v t\u00fdchto miestach spadla. V najbli\u017e\u0161om okol\u00ed, nieko\u013eko sto metrov na severov\u00fdchod sa uvo\u013enila lav\u00edna z vrcholu Skalky (1980 m n.m.), zrejme nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn sk\u00f4r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Popisovan\u00e1 lav\u00ednov\u00e1 katastrofa si vy\u017eiadala 16 \u013eudsk\u00fdch \u017eivotov, 3 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zranenia a obrovsk\u00e9 materi\u00e1lne \u0161kody. Horsk\u00e1 slu\u017eba vyhl\u00e1sila za\u010diatkom marca v tla\u010di a rozhlase ak\u00fatne lav\u00ednov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch exponovan\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch oblastiach. Pre ju\u017en\u00e9 svahy N\u00edzkych Tatier bolo ohl\u00e1sen\u00e9 lok\u00e1lne lav\u00ednov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo d\u0148a 3. Marca 1956. Pod\u013ea n\u00e1zoru Horskej slu\u017eby nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 z tohto ne\u0161\u0165astia obvini\u0165 nikoho. Nedalo sa skuto\u010dne predpoklada\u0165, \u017ee chata st\u00e1la v mieste ohrozenom lav\u00ednami. Jedine sa m\u00f4\u017eeme pozastavi\u0165 nad t\u00fdm, pre\u010do nedo\u0161lo k odvolaniu alebo nebolo odvolan\u00fdch t\u00fdchto 19 \u013eud\u00ed z h\u00f4r na in\u00fa pr\u00e1cu, ke\u010f\u017ee nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed trvaj\u00face zl\u00e9 po\u010dasie neumo\u017e\u0148ovalo pracova\u0165 v lese a zdr\u017eovali sa cel\u00e9 dni v chate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Dnes uplynulo 65 rokov od tragickej lav\u00ednovej udalosti v Kulichovej doline v N\u00edzkych Tatr\u00e1ch. Prin\u00e1\u0161ame V\u00e1m stru\u010dn\u00fd priebeh tejto katastrofy pod\u013ea protokolu \u00dastrednej komisie v\u00fdskumu Horskej slu\u017eby z roku 1965. D\u0148a 8. Marca 1956 asi o\u00a09:45 sa zosunula lav\u00edna z\u00a0juhov\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho svahu \u017diarskej hole (1841 m n.m.) do Kulichovej doliny. Obrovsk\u00e1 masa snehu bola po nieko\u013eko…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2],"tags":[364,67,79,108,105,277,184],"class_list":["post-7885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lavinove-nehody","tag-katastrofa","tag-lavinova-nehoda","tag-laviny","tag-nestastie","tag-nizke-tatry","tag-tragicka-nehoda","tag-vajskovska-dolina"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Image05-2.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8DxWh-23b","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7885","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7885"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7885\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7924,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7885\/revisions\/7924"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7885"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7885"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7885"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}