{"id":11634,"date":"2024-02-06T08:57:41","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T07:57:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/?p=11634"},"modified":"2024-02-06T16:08:40","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T15:08:40","slug":"100-rokov-od-najvacsej-lavinovej-tragedie-na-slovensku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/?p=11634","title":{"rendered":"100 rokov od najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej lav\u00ednovej trag\u00e9die na Slovensku"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

6. febru\u00e1ra 2024 uplynulo 100 rokov od najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej lav\u00ednovej trag\u00e9die na Slovensku.<\/strong> T\u00e1 sa stala v lesn\u00edckej osade Ryb\u00f4 (\u010das\u0165 obce Star\u00e9 Hory) v Hornojeleneckej doline vo Ve\u013ekej Fatre. Obrovsk\u00e1 lav\u00edna sa uvo\u013enila na juhov\u00fdchodn\u00fdch svahoch Kr\u00ed\u017enej (1 574\u2009m n. m.) a jej n\u00e1nos sa zastavil a\u017e v hornej \u010dasti osady Ryb\u00f4, kde strhol a zasypal tri domy a \u010fal\u0161ie dva domy po\u0161kodil. Lav\u00edna tak zasypala 22 \u013eud\u00ed. Iba \u0161tyria z nich lav\u00ednu pre\u017eili, ostatn\u00fdch 18 (z toho 15 det\u00ed) v lav\u00edne zahynulo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Z n\u00e1nosu lav\u00edny sa podarilo zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 \u0161tyrom \u013eu\u010fom. Najmlad\u0161\u00edm z nich bol Benjam\u00edn Strme\u0148, ktor\u00fd mal v tej dobe necel\u00e9 tri mesiace. Padaj\u00faci krov strechy zo \u0161ind\u013eami prekryl kol\u00edsku, v ktorej spal. V n\u00e1nose sa tak vytvoril priestor, v ktorom mal dostatok vzduchu. Ke\u010f ho po \u0161tyroch hodin\u00e1ch odhadzovania snehu na\u0161li, nemal \u017eiadne zranenia, len bol premrznut\u00fd. \u010eal\u0161\u00edmi, ktor\u00ed pre\u017eili p\u00e1d tejto lav\u00edny, boli jeho rodi\u010dia a ich sused. Rodine Strme\u0148ovcov vtedy zahynulo v lav\u00edne 5 det\u00ed. Niektor\u00e9 obete lav\u00edny vyhrab\u00e1vali spod miestami 35 metrov\u00e9ho n\u00e1nosu nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov. Lav\u00edna sa tak smutne zap\u00edsala do dej\u00edn Slovenska, ako najtragickej\u0161ia lav\u00edna v na\u0161ej doteraz poznanej hist\u00f3rii.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Pozn\u00e1me \u0161tyri hlavn\u00e9 faktory pre vznik lav\u00edn s\u00fa to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Snehov\u00fa pokr\u00fdvku, po\u010dasie a ter\u00e9n do v\u00fdraznej miery ovplyvni\u0165 nedok\u00e1\u017eeme. Ke\u010f v\u0161ak do tejto rovnice zapo\u010d\u00edtame \u013eudsk\u00fd faktor v\u00fdsledkom je \u010dasto uvo\u013enenie lav\u00edny\/lav\u00ednov\u00e1 nehoda. V osudn\u00fa noc do\u0161lo k extr\u00e9mnej kombin\u00e1ci\u00ed t\u00fdchto faktorov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u013dudsk\u00fd faktor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Azda najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ia pr\u00ed\u010dina p\u00e1du lav\u00edny pod Kr\u00ed\u017enou sa pre mnoh\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 ban\u00e1lna, ale je to odles\u0148ovnie. Najlep\u0161ou ochranou pred p\u00e1dom lav\u00edn je prevencia. V tomto pr\u00edpade to bol lesn\u00fd porast. S odles\u0148ovan\u00edm sa v oblasti Kr\u00ed\u017enej za\u010dalo u\u017e v 13. storo\u010d\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delom z\u00edskania drevnej hmoty, na p\u00e1lenie dreven\u00e9ho uhlia, pre bane a huty. Nesk\u00f4r to bol vznik hol\u00edn, ako v\u00fdsledok sn\u00e1h z\u00edska\u0165 pastviny pre ovce a dobytok. D\u00f4sledkom tak\u00e9hoto drastick\u00e9ho odles\u0148ovania sa v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017eila drsnos\u0165 povrchu, ktor\u00e1 nedok\u00e1zala zadr\u017ea\u0165 masy snehu pri zl\u00fdch snehov\u00fdch podmienkach. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Snehov\u00e1 pokr\u00fdvka a po\u010dasie <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea dobov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov bolo za\u010diatkom febru\u00e1ra 1924 vo Ve\u013ekej Fatre ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo snehu f\u00fakal vietor o sile v\u00edchrice. P\u00e1n Strme\u0148 vo svojom rozpr\u00e1van\u00ed spom\u00edna na fakt, \u017ee ich otec v osudn\u00fd ve\u010der musel viackr\u00e1t zatv\u00e1ra\u0165 dvere na dome po tom, ako ich vietor zaka\u017ed\u00fdm roztvoril dokor\u00e1n. Vzh\u013eadom na orient\u00e1ciu svahov, musel v tomto obdob\u00ed f\u00faka\u0165 preva\u017ene vietor z\u00e1padn\u00fdch smerov. Tento vietor z\u00e1rove\u0148 previeval nov\u00fd sneh do \u017e\u013eabov nad osadou Ryb\u00f4. K siln\u00e9mu vetru navy\u0161e v\u00fddatne sne\u017eilo \u010do potvrdzuj\u00fa aj historick\u00e9 merania (M\u00fatne 70\u2009cm, Oravsk\u00e1 Lesn\u00e1 65\u2009cm, Vy\u0161n\u00e1 Boca 45 cm). U\u017e pred t\u00fdmto v\u00fddatn\u00fdm sne\u017een\u00edm sa na svahoch Kr\u00ed\u017enej nach\u00e1dzalo nadpriemern\u00e9 mno\u017estvo snehu. Pod\u013ea dobov\u00fdch \u010dasopisov i\u0161lo o rok \u201eve\u013emi bohat\u00fd na lav\u00edny\u201c aj v Tatr\u00e1ch, pri\u010dom najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia zni\u010dila porasty pod \u013daliov\u00fdm sedlom v \u0161\u00edrke 4\u2009km. Pre Oravsk\u00fa Lesn\u00fa predstavuje zima 1923\/24 najbohat\u0161iu na sneh za obdobie 1921 \u2013 2024. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ter\u00e9n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edmi miestami pre vznik lav\u00edn s\u00fa \u017e\u013eaby, kotly, muldy a lieviky. Kr\u00ed\u017ena je charakterisitkc\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fdmi kotlami, ktor\u00e9 \u00fastia do \u00fazkych dol\u00edn. T\u00e1to kombin\u00e1cia praje p\u00e1du ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00fdch lav\u00edn pri\u010dom masa snehu snehu sa  v \u00fazkych dolin\u00e1ch nem\u00e1 kde rozlia\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Kombin\u00e1cia t\u00fdchto faktorov  vy\u00fastila 6. febru\u00e1ra o cca 21:30 k p\u00e1du ve\u013emi velkej lav\u00edny: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Dr\u00e1ha lav\u00edny bola dlh\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 2 500 m<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • V\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd rozdiel 760 m<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Celkov\u00e1 plocha uvo\u013enen\u00e9ho snehu bola pribli\u017ene 800 000 m \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • V n\u00e1nose sa nach\u00e1dzalo pod\u013ea odhadu ulo\u017eilo pribli\u017ene 2 400 000 m kubick\u00fdch snehu s odhadovanou hmotnos\u0165ou 600 000 ton<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • N\u00e1razov\u00fd tlak (do 800 kPa)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • R\u00fdchlos\u0165 (do 50 m\/s)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Strhnut\u00fdch bolo pribli\u017ene 1 200 m kubick\u00fdch stromov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
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    Lav\u00edna z Repi\u0161tia<\/strong> sa uk\u00e1zala ako ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Dobov\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie hovoria aj o men\u0161ej lav\u00edne, ktor\u00e1 sa uvo\u013enila z ju\u017en\u00e9ho svahu Repi\u0161tia, kr\u00e1tko pred samotnou lav\u00ednou z Kr\u00ed\u017enej. N\u00e1nos tejto lav\u00edny sa zastavil a\u017e v doline a vytvoril ak\u00fa si prek\u00e1\u017eku (hr\u00e1dzu). T\u00e1 sa uk\u00e1zala, ako ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1. Simul\u00e1cie pomocou dynamick\u00fdch numerick\u00fdch modelov ELBA+ a RAMMS toti\u017e uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee t\u00e1to sp\u00f4sobila ur\u010dit\u00e9 spomalenie a pribrzdenie n\u00e1nosu ve\u013ekej lav\u00edny zo svahov Kr\u00ed\u017enej. Ak by tam n\u00e1nos men\u0161ej lav\u00edny nebol, je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1nos ve\u013ekej lav\u00edny by sa zastavil podstatne ni\u017e\u0161ie v osade, kde by zasypal ove\u013ea viac domov a \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    S\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cel\u00e9 desiatky rokov po lav\u00ednovej nehode prebiehali zales\u0148ovacie pr\u00e1ce v odtrhovom p\u00e1sme, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo opakovaniu trag\u00e9die z roku 1924. Lav\u00edna by na z\u00e1klade simul\u00e1cie bola dnes o 500 m krat\u0161ia. Odtrhov\u00e9 p\u00e1smo by bolo men\u0161ie o cca dve tretiny a v\u00fdrazne men\u0161\u00ed by bol aj n\u00e1nos lav\u00edny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Rekon\u0161trukciu lav\u00edny s pou\u017eit\u00edm modelov RAMMS a ELBA+ vytvoril Jozef Richnavsk\u00fd, Horsk\u00e1 z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 slu\u017eba<\/em> a Martin Bart\u00edk Katedra pr\u00edrodn\u00e9ho prostredia, Lesn\u00edcka fakulta, Technick\u00e1 univerzita vo Zvolene<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    6. febru\u00e1ra 2024 uplynulo 100 rokov od najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej lav\u00ednovej trag\u00e9die na Slovensku. T\u00e1 sa stala v lesn\u00edckej osade Ryb\u00f4 (\u010das\u0165 obce Star\u00e9 Hory) v Hornojeleneckej doline vo Ve\u013ekej Fatre. Obrovsk\u00e1 lav\u00edna sa uvo\u013enila na juhov\u00fdchodn\u00fdch svahoch Kr\u00ed\u017enej (1 574\u2009m n. m.) a jej n\u00e1nos sa zastavil a\u017e v hornej \u010dasti osady Ryb\u00f4, kde strhol a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ostatne"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/PREKOPVANIA-SNEHU-1.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8DxWh-31E","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11634"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11634\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11736,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11634\/revisions\/11736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11634"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}