{"id":11442,"date":"2024-01-20T09:20:20","date_gmt":"2024-01-20T08:20:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/?p=11442"},"modified":"2024-01-20T09:20:22","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T08:20:22","slug":"50-rokov-od-lavinovej-tragedie-pri-popradskom-plese","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/?p=11442","title":{"rendered":"50 rokov od lav\u00ednovej trag\u00e9die pri Popradskom plese"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V t\u00fdchto d\u0148och si pripom\u00edname 50 rokov od najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho lav\u00ednov\u00e9ho ne\u0161\u0165astia vo Vysok\u00fdch Tatr\u00e1ch, pri ktorom 20. janu\u00e1ra 1974 zahynulo a\u017e 12 \u013eud\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V obdob\u00ed od 18. do 21. janu\u00e1ra 1974 bola zaznamenan\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 lav\u00ednov\u00e1 aktivita, ktorej po\u010diatok mo\u017eno h\u013eada\u0165 u\u017e na za\u010diatku tej zimy. V polovici novembra napadlo v Tatr\u00e1ch zhruba 50cm snehu, \u010d\u00edm sa vytvoril z\u00e1klad s\u00favislej snehovej pokr\u00fdvky. Pr\u00fadenie chladn\u00e9ho vlhk\u00e9ho vzduchu prin\u00e1\u0161alo do Tatier \u010fal\u0161ie zr\u00e1\u017eky a 19. decembra 1973 st\u00fapla v\u00fd\u0161ka snehu na \u0160trbskom plese a\u017e na 151cm. Potom, ako to u\u017e b\u00fdva zvykom, pri\u0161lo tzv. viano\u010dn\u00e9 oteplenie. Sneh sa za\u010dal topi\u0165 a sadal. S nov\u00fdm rokom sa zmenil charakter po\u010dasia, pod vplyvom tlakovej v\u00fd\u0161e boli dni pekn\u00e9 slne\u010dn\u00e9 a noci mraziv\u00e9. Tieto zmeny vytvorili na povrchu snehu z\u013eadovaten\u00fa vrstvu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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V\u00fd\u0161ka snehu \u0160trbsk\u00e9 pleso<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V polovici janu\u00e1ra priniesla tlakov\u00e1 n\u00ed\u017e z Atlantiku do strednej Eur\u00f3py nov\u00e9 zr\u00e1\u017eky. Po\u010das peri\u00f3dy sne\u017eenia 15.-21. janu\u00e1ra napadlo v Tatr\u00e1ch pod\u013ea dobov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov a\u017e 75cm nov\u00e9ho snehu. Meteorologick\u00e9 stanice vtedy zaznamenali na \u0160trbskom plese 54 cm, na Lomnickom \u0161t\u00edte 44 cm a na Skalnatom plese 56 cm nov\u00e9ho snehu. Po\u010das sne\u017eenia f\u00fakal na hrebe\u0148och siln\u00fd z\u00e1padn\u00fd a\u017e severoz\u00e1padn\u00fd vietor, ktor\u00fd pren\u00e1\u0161al ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo nov\u00e9ho vo\u013en\u00e9ho snehu na z\u00e1vetern\u00e9 svahy – orientovan\u00e9 v\u00fdchodn\u00fdm a\u017e juhov\u00fdchodn\u00fdm smerom. Mulda v Sedle nad Skokom, medzi Patriou a Malou Ba\u0161tou, je smerom do Mengusovskej doliny orientovan\u00e1 presne t\u00fdmto smerom a m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fa zbern\u00fa plochu. Nov\u00fd sneh sa s hladk\u00fdm z\u013eadovaten\u00fdm podkladom dobre nespojil, hmotnos\u0165 naviateho snehov\u00e9ho vank\u00fa\u0161a r\u00e1stla… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zima 1973\/74 bola e\u0161te len druhou sez\u00f3nou \u010dinnosti Strediska lav\u00ednovej prevencie. Pre Vysok\u00e9 Tatry od 14. janu\u00e1ra vyhl\u00e1silo ve\u013ek\u00e9 lav\u00ednov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo (to zodpoved\u00e1 4. stup\u0148u s\u00fa\u010dasne pou\u017e\u00edvanej medzin\u00e1rodnej 5-dielnej stupnice). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. janu\u00e1ra prich\u00e1dza do Karpatskej oblasti tepl\u00fd front, oteplenie je na hor\u00e1ch cite\u013en\u00e9, aj v stredn\u00fdch poloh\u00e1ch pad\u00e1 d\u00e1\u017e\u010f so snehom. Stredisko lav\u00ednovej prevencie vyhlasuje a\u017e ak\u00fatne lav\u00ednov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo, najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stupe\u0148 ohrozenia, ktor\u00fd zodpoved\u00e1 5. stup\u0148u s\u00fa\u010dasne pou\u017e\u00edvanej medzin\u00e1rodnej 5-dielnej stupnice. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sneh na hor\u00e1ch prib\u00fada a z\u00e1padn\u00fd vietor ho premiest\u0148uje do z\u00e1vetr\u00ed. Vo\u013en\u00fd nes\u00fadr\u017en\u00fd sneh, na rozdiel od spojen\u00e9ho s\u00fadr\u017en\u00e9ho snehu, nepren\u00e1\u0161a \u017eiadne nap\u00e4tie. Vetrom slabo spojen\u00fd sneh tvor\u00ed m\u00e4kk\u00e9 snehov\u00e9 dosky. Tak\u00e9, ak\u00e9 sa buduj\u00fa na z\u00e1vetern\u00fdch svahoch, v \u017e\u013eaboch a muld\u00e1ch. Ke\u010f nap\u00e4tie v snehovej pokr\u00fdvke prekro\u010d\u00ed jej pevnos\u0165 vznikaj\u00fa praskliny a pri dostato\u010dnom sklone doskov\u00e9 lav\u00edny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V mulde medzi Patriou a Malou Ba\u0161tou r\u00e1stla vrstva nov\u00e9ho previevan\u00e9ho snehu nato\u013eko, a\u017e jej hmotnos\u0165 prekonala jej s\u00fadr\u017enos\u0165 – masa snehu sa dala do pohybu 20. janu\u00e1ra 1974 v \u010dase 10:40. Lav\u00edna z kateg\u00f3rie ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00e1<\/a> mala odtrh vysok\u00fd miestami a\u017e 4 metre s d\u013a\u017ekou 350m. Podrobn\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadia o tejto udalosti bola vypracovan\u00e1 v roku 2014 a m\u00f4\u017eete si ju pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 na na\u0161om blogu: 40 rokov od jednej z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch lav\u00ednov\u00fdch trag\u00e9di\u00ed na Slovensku<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sondovacie dru\u017estv\u00e1 preh\u013ead\u00e1vaj\u00face lav\u00ednov\u00fd n\u00e1nos<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Stredn\u00e1 priemyseln\u00e1 \u0161kola stroj\u00e1rska v Kom\u00e1rne mala 15. a\u017e 23. janu\u00e1ra napl\u00e1novan\u00fd kurz ly\u017eovania. Na chate pri Popradskom plese sa ubytovalo 45 \u017eiakov tretieho ro\u010dn\u00edka a ich traja u\u010ditelia. Ly\u017eiarsky v\u00fdcvik prebiehal na z\u00e1padne orientovanom svahu pod Ostrvou. 20. janu\u00e1ra sa dve ly\u017eiarske skupiny rozhodli \u00eds\u0165 cvi\u010di\u0165 na tie\u017e bl\u00edzky svah pri pr\u00edstupovej ceste na chatu. Tento svah je tie\u017e orientovan\u00fd na z\u00e1pad, av\u0161ak nach\u00e1dza sa oproti \u017e\u013eabu zo Sedla nad Skokom. Pracovn\u00edci chaty a u\u010ditelia boli informovan\u00ed o vyhl\u00e1senom ak\u00fatnom lav\u00ednovom nebezpe\u010denstve. Vybran\u00e9 lokality ly\u017eiarskeho v\u00fdcviku pova\u017eovali za bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. V to r\u00e1no padal mokr\u00fd sneh s da\u017e\u010fom a f\u00fakal vietor. U\u010ditelia a \u017eiaci sa rozhodli pre nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 po\u010dasie skon\u010di\u0165 v\u00fdcvik o \u010dosi sk\u00f4r. Skupina jeden\u00e1stich \u017eiakov s u\u010dite\u013eom a jeho synom si d\u00e1vala e\u0161te posledn\u00fa jazdu pred skorou obed\u0148aj\u0161ou prest\u00e1vkou. Druh\u00e1 skupina, 10 \u017eiakov a u\u010dite\u013e ich \u010dakala na ceste, teda na hornom okraji svahu. V \u010dase 10:40 sa z proti\u013eahl\u00e9ho \u017e\u013eabu s ve\u013ek\u00fdm hukotom vyr\u00fatila lav\u00edna ktor\u00e1 v\u0161etk\u00fdch zasypala. \u017diakov s u\u010dite\u013eom na ceste len \u010diasto\u010dne, no 13 ly\u017eiarov na svahu \u00faplne. Lav\u00ednov\u00fd n\u00e1nos mal \u0161\u00edrku pribli\u017ene 530 m, s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou v\u00fd\u0161kou a\u017e 8 metrov a obsahoval odhadom 150 000 m3<\/sup> snehu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Schematick\u00fd n\u00e1kres lav\u00edny s vyzna\u010den\u00edm polohy obet\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nezranen\u00ed ly\u017eiari na ceste r\u00fdchlo za\u010dali h\u013eada\u0165 svojich spolu\u017eiakov, privolali pomoc z chaty a Horsk\u00fa slu\u017ebu. Prv\u00fd n\u00e1jden\u00fd bol a\u017e po troch hodin\u00e1ch triedny u\u010dite\u013e, bohu\u017eia\u013e m\u0155tvy. Potom \u010fal\u0161\u00ed dvaja \u017eiaci, tie\u017e m\u0155tvi. Po pribli\u017ene 5 hodin\u00e1ch od p\u00e1du lav\u00edny ozna\u010dil lav\u00ednov\u00fd pes Udo miesto \u010fal\u0161ieho zasypan\u00e9ho. Tentokr\u00e1t z\u00e1chran\u00e1ri na\u0161li ly\u017eiara, ktor\u00fd bol e\u0161te na\u017eive, s\u00edce v bezvedom\u00ed, podchladen\u00fd, ale na\u017eive! Vykopali ho v sediacej polohe, pod\u013ea dobov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov mal hlavu zhruba 60 cm pod povrchom n\u00e1nosu a na tv\u00e1ri \u0161\u00e1l. Pod\u013ea jeho slov, pam\u00e4t\u00e1 si ako ho lav\u00edna strhla, urobila s n\u00edm nieko\u013eko kotrmelcov hore svahom, zastavil sa pri strome. \u0160\u00e1l na tv\u00e1ri zabr\u00e1nil snehu vnikn\u00fa\u0165 do d\u00fdchac\u00edch ciest. Vypusten\u00edm sliny z \u00fast zistil, \u017ee je v prirodzenej polohe hlavou nahor, ale pokusy vyhraba\u0165 sa z tuh\u00e9ho n\u00e1nosu lav\u00edny boli m\u00e1rne, n\u00e1sledne upadol do bezvedomia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
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lav\u00ednov\u00fd pes Udo pracuje<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
vykop\u00e1vanie \u0161tudenta v bezvedom\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jeden jedin\u00fd z 13 \u00faplne zasypan\u00fdch ly\u017eiarov t\u00fato trag\u00e9diu pre\u017eil. K vedomiu sa prebral na chate pri Popradskom plese, z \u013eahk\u00fdch zranen\u00ed sa zotavil kr\u00e1tkym pobytom v Popradskej nemocnici. To, \u017ee sa na\u0161iel \u017eiv\u00fd, prebudilo v z\u00e1chran\u00e1roch ve\u013ek\u00fa n\u00e1dej. Av\u0161ak v ten de\u0148 na\u0161li e\u0161te dvoch m\u0155tvych, na druh\u00fd de\u0148 sa na\u0161li piati, bohu\u017eia\u013e tie\u017e m\u0155tvi. Tel\u00e1 zvy\u0161n\u00fdch dvoch \u017eiakov lav\u00edna vydala a\u017e na jar. Pod\u013ea celosvetov\u00fdch \u0161tatist\u00edk je \u0161anca na pre\u017eitie viac ako 2 hodiny pod lav\u00ednou men\u0161ia ako 3%. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z lav\u00ednovej trag\u00e9die pri Popradskom plese sme sa pou\u010dili. Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva zak\u00e1zalo organizovanie ly\u017eiarskych kurzov vo vysokohorskom prostred\u00ed. Objekt\u00edvne nebezpe\u010denstvo lav\u00edn je tu pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00e9 a zmeny po\u010dasia prudk\u00e9. Pre z\u00e1kladn\u00fd v\u00fdcvik s\u00fa vhodnej\u0161ie ni\u017e\u0161ie polo\u017een\u00e9 ter\u00e9ny s technick\u00fdm vybaven\u00edm lanoviek a vlekov. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tieni tejto trag\u00e9die ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie dve smrte\u013en\u00e9 lav\u00ednov\u00e9 nehody. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre zl\u00e9 poveternostn\u00e9 podmienky v tento de\u0148 sch\u00e1dzali zo Skalnat\u00e9ho plesa traja zamestnanci lanovky a dvaja turisti dole \u017e\u013eabom pod hotelom Enci\u00e1n. Trasu volili tak, aby sa ukr\u00fdvali pred vetrom. Asi po 200m ch\u00f4dze ich strhla lav\u00edna. \u0160tyria boli zasypan\u00ed \u010diasto\u010dne. Telo piateho, \u00faplne zasypan\u00e9ho turistu, na\u0161li z\u00e1chran\u00e1ri Horskej slu\u017eby a\u017e nasleduj\u00faci de\u0148.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po poludn\u00ed zostupovali dole Malou studenou dolinou dvaja horolezci, ktor\u00fdch zasiahla samovo\u013ene uvo\u013enen\u00e1 lav\u00edna z Lomnick\u00e9ho hrebe\u0148a. Jedn\u00e9ho z nich zasypala lav\u00edna \u010diasto\u010dne, ten sa dok\u00e1zal z n\u00e1nosu vyslobodi\u0165 a privola\u0165 pomoc. Druh\u00fd horolezec v\u0161ak ostal zasypan\u00fd \u00faplne. Z\u00e1chran\u00e1ri na\u0161li jeho telo bohu\u017eia\u013e u\u017e bez zn\u00e1mok \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Schematick\u00fd n\u00e1kres lav\u00edny s vyzna\u010den\u00edm polohy obet\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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foton\u00e1kres nehody v Malej studenej doline<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20. janu\u00e1ra 1974 bolo vo Vysok\u00fdch Tatr\u00e1ch v troch pr\u00edpadoch lav\u00ednou zasypan\u00fdch spolu 31 \u013eud\u00ed, 14 z nich nepre\u017eilo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V t\u00fdchto d\u0148och si pripom\u00edname 50 rokov od najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho lav\u00ednov\u00e9ho ne\u0161\u0165astia vo Vysok\u00fdch Tatr\u00e1ch, pri ktorom 20. janu\u00e1ra 1974 zahynulo a\u017e 12 \u013eud\u00ed. V obdob\u00ed od 18. do 21. janu\u00e1ra 1974 bola zaznamenan\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 lav\u00ednov\u00e1 aktivita, ktorej po\u010diatok mo\u017eno h\u013eada\u0165 u\u017e na za\u010diatku tej zimy. V polovici novembra napadlo v Tatr\u00e1ch zhruba 50cm snehu, \u010d\u00edm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11445,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2],"tags":[67,197],"class_list":["post-11442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lavinove-nehody","tag-lavinova-nehoda","tag-vysoke-tatry"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/22-sondaz.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p8DxWh-2Yy","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11442"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11442\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11479,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11442\/revisions\/11479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.laviny.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}